热历史对聚醚醚酮及其碳纤维复合材料——Ⅱ.熔融行为的影响

本文利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和以PEEK为基体的碳纤维复合材料(APC-2)的热历史对它们熔融行为的影响。在200—315℃结晶并退火热处理后,试样的DSC曲线上出现了两个吸热峰。低温吸热峰(峰温T′_m)较小,并与结晶和退火温度(T_c)有关;高温吸热峰(峰温T_m)较大,几乎不受T_n的影响。T′_m的出现与在不同T_c下生成的不完整晶体的熔融和重结晶过程有关,而T_m的出现则与完整晶体的熔融过程有关。实验结果表明,T′_m与T_c之间呈线性关系。按文献报道的方法,将T′_m与T_c的直线外推至与T′_m=T_c直线相交,其交点温度即为平衡熔点.结果表明,PEEK和APC-2试样的“平衡熔点”受不同热历史条件下生成晶体的完整程度的影响。当结晶并退火时间越长,求出的“平衡熔点”值越低,并与理论值接近。实验结果还表明,碳纤维表面具有促进PEEK树脂基体晶体完整化的作用,因而导致APC-2试样中PEEK树脂基体的熔点高于纯PEEK树脂。     

Solution-phase preparation of a 560-compound library of individual pure mappicine analogues by fluorous mixture synthesis

Solution-phase mixture synthesis has efficiency advantages and favorable reaction kinetics. Applications of this technique, however, have been discouraged by the difficulty in obtaining individual, pure final products by using conventional separation and identification processes. Introduced here is a new strategy for mixture synthesis that addresses the separation and identification problems. Members of a series of organic substrates are paired with a series of fluorous tags of different chain lengths. The tagged starting materials are then mixed and taken through a multistep reaction process. Fluorous chromatography is used to demix the tagged product mixtures on the basis of the fluorine content of the tags to provide the individual pure components of the mixture, which are detagged to release the final products. The utility of fluorous mixture synthesis is demonstrated by the preparation of a 560-membered library of analogues of the natural product mappicine. A seven-component mixture is carried through a four-step mixture synthesis (two one-pot and two parallel steps) to incorporate two additional points of diversity onto the tetracyclic core. Methods for analysis and purification of the intermediates are established for the quality control of the mixture synthesis.     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of proton transfer on the (27)al MAS NMR line shapes of zeolite-adsorbate complexes: an independent measure of solid Acid strength

Assessing the degree of proton transfer from a Br?nsted acid site to one or more adsorbed bases is central to arguments regarding the strength of zeolites and other solid acids. In this regard certain solid-state NMR measurements have been fruitful; for example, some (13)C, (15)N, or (31)P resonances of adsorbed bases are sensitive to protonation, and the (1)H chemical shift of the Br?nsted site itself reflects hydrogen bonding. We modeled theoretically the structures of adsorption complexes of several bases on zeolite HZSM-5, calculated the quadrupole coupling constants (Q(cc)) and asymmetry parameters (eta) for aluminum in these complexes and then in turn simulated the central transitions of their (27)Al MAS NMR spectra. The theoretical line width decreased monotonically with the degree of proton transfer, reflecting structural relaxation around aluminum as the proton was transferred to a base. We verified this experimentally for a series of adsorbed bases by way of single-pulse MAS and triple quantum MQMAS (27)Al NMR. The combined theoretical and experimental approach described here provides a strategy by which (27)Al data can be applied to resolve disputed interpretations of proton transfer based on other evidence.     

A kinetic model for steric hindrance effects on quaternization of poly(vinylpyridines)

Quaternization reactions of poly(vinylpyridines) with alkyl halides show retardation in excess of that predicted by the classical second-order kinetics. Based on the classical collision and transition state theories, a kinetic model has been developed to quantify such retardation, in which the overall reaction rate is characterized by a rate constant k₀ of the intrinsic reactivity between a pyridyl group and an alkyl halide group, and by a steric hindrance effect parameter α. The latter accounts for the degree to which the rate of collisions of reactants is reduced, or to which the freedom of movement of the reactants in the transition state is restricted as the reaction proceeds. The resulting kinetic expression has been validated using experimental results reported in the literature and those of our own. The functional dependence of k₀ and α values on the nature of poly(vinylpyridines) and that of alkyl halides is explained. Other factors affecting k₀ and α, including changes in macromolecular dimensions and/or in the distribution of residue environment, quality of solvent, and reaction temperature, are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Highly efficient, one-step macrocyclizations assisted by the folding and preorganization of precursor oligomers

Highly efficient, one-step macrocyclizations leading to the formation of macrocyclic hexa(aramides) in high yields (69-82%) are described. The one-step macrocyclizations were facilitated by the preorganization or folding of the backbones of uncyclized precursors in the course of macrocyclization. The preorganization of backbones was achieved by the presence of localized three-centered hydrogen bonds that were adopted in the design of a class of closely related, backbone-rigidified foldamers. The macrocyclization involved reactions between diacid chloride 1 and diamine 2. The crude reaction mixtures and products were conveniently examined by mass spectrometric method (MALDI-TOF). Compared to most traditional one-step macrocyclizations that usually require high dilution conditions and often lead to very low overall yields of the desired products, cyclic hexamers 3 were obtained as the overwhelmingly major product under a variety of reaction conditions, suggesting the generality of this approach.     

Syntheses, crystal structures and properties of novel zinc(II) complexes obtained by reactions of zinc(II) malonate with flexible multidentate ligands

Complex [Zn₂(bimb)₂(mal)₂(H₂O)₂]·4H₂O (1) (mal=⁻OCOCH₂COO⁻) was obtained by reaction of bidentate ligand 4,4′-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl (bimb) with zinc(II) salt of malonate, while the reaction of the same metal salt with 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (titmb) gives another novel complex [Zn₂(titmb)₂(mal)][mal]·12H₂O (2). The structures of these complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography. The results revealed that 1 is a cyclic dinuclear complex in which the malonate groups act as terminators and prevent further aggregation, while 2 is a 2D honeycomb network in which each independent 2D sheet contains two sub-layers bridged by the malonate groups and complex 2 also contains free malonate as a counteranion connected to the 2D layer by C-H?O hydrogen bonds. The entirely different structure and topology of complexes 1 and 2, on the one hand, indicates that the nature of organic ligands affected the structures of assemblies greatly, and on the other, reveals the versatility of the malonate which can act as a bridging and/or blocking ligand.     

混合配体、希土三元配合物的研究 Ⅳ.3,5二硝基水扬酸(H2DNSA)、邻菲咯啉(phen)、希土(RE)三元固体配合物的合成及性质

本文报道了十种希土元素与3,5-二硝基水扬酸、邻菲咯啉三元配合物的制备方法。通过元素和化学分析测定了化合物的化学组成,并用红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热分析、磁化率、X射线粉天衍射等对所合成的化合物进行了结构和性质的研究。     

高岭石吸附乙烯和苯的Delft分子力学研究

运用Ｄｅｌｆｔ分子力学（ＤＭＭ）程序及其粘土和共轭烯烃力场，计算研究了高岭石对乙烯和苯的吸附作用，探讨了吸附对粘土晶体和有机分子的结构、电荷分布和能量的影响，求得了高岭石吸附乙烯和苯的吸附热等重要物理量．     

QSPR-based prediction of adsorption of halogenated aromatics on yellow-brown soil

Halogenated aromatic compounds exist widely in soil and aqueous environment. The study of their transport and distribution is quite important for pollution control and risk assessment. In the present work the adsorption coefficients of 28 halogenated benzenes, anilines and phenols on yellow-brown soil were measured with batch equilibrium method, and a prediction model was developed through the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) technique. Then the obtained model was tested with Monte Carlo simulation and Jacknife methods. The results indicated that it was robust enough to estimate soil adsorption behaviors for the tested compounds. Based on the obtained model it could be deduced that the adsorption of halogenated aromatics on yellow-brown soil was not a simple partitioning process but involved complicated interactions.     

聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯—二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）的合成及表征

以水和乙醇作混合溶剂，用逐步滴加甲基丙烯酸甲酯的方法，通过自由基聚合，由溶解性和共聚活性差异较大的两种单体ＭＭＡ和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵合成了新型含阳离子共聚物聚，并用ＩＲ和＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ进行了分析表征。该共聚物溶于丙酮和水组成的二元溶剂，并与Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ＭＡＡ）有较强的分子复合能力。